**Antivirus software** Computer programs that can block, detect, and remove viruses and other malware.
**Backups/backing up files** Extra copies of computer files that can be used to restore files that are lost or damaged.
**Bandwidth** The amount of data that can pass through a network or part of a network per second.
**Botnet** Multiple computers on a network that are infected with a program that can be controlled remotely. The infected computers are usually used to cause damage that couldnât be achieved with a single computer.
**Computer network** Two or more interconnected devices that can exchange data.
**Computer virus** A computer program that can copy itself and cause harm in various ways, such as stealing private information or destroying data.
**DDoS** A distributed denial of service attack attempts to make an online service, like a website, unavailable by overwhelming it with a flood of traffic from a team of computers.
**Doxnet** A fictional virus modeled after the Stuxnet virus. Like Stuxnet, Doxnet is able to damage physical infrastructure.
**Encryption** The process of using codes to make readable information unreadable. Encrypted information cannot be read until it is decrypted using a secret key.
**Firewall** Software designed to block malware from entering protected networks.
**Hacktivist** Someone who uses computers and computer networks to disrupt services or share secret information in an effort to draw attention to political or social issues.
**Internet service provider (ISP)** A company or organization that gives users and devices access to the Internet.
**Keylogger malware** A program that records every key struck on a keyboard and sends that information to an attacker.
**Malware** Software that harms computers, networks, or people. Includes viruses, worms, ransomware, and other computer programs.
**Phishing** Attempting to trick people into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, often by using emails or fake websites that look like they are from trusted organizations.
**Ransomware** A type of malware that holds victimsâ computer files hostage by locking access to them or encrypting them. It then demands a ransom if the victim wants his or her files back.
**Server** A computer or computer program that provides specific services on a network, such as an email server that directs emails and a web server that serves up web pages.
**Software** Consists of code written in a programming language that instructs computers to perform specific tasks.
**Software patch** A piece of software designed to update a computer program in order to fix a software vulnerability or improve the program.
**Software vulnerability** A flaw or weakness in a computer program that hackers or malware can exploit to gain access to a system or damage it.
**Spam** Unsolicited emails sent to many addresses. The purpose of most spam is to make money through advertising or identity theft.
**USB drive** A data storage device that is used to store, back up, and transfer computer files.
**USB port** A type of connection between devices that can exchange information and power supply.